Inclusion Criteria:

   - a clinical diagnosis of "mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease" using
   the most recent NIA and Alzheimer's Association workshop criteria within 3 months: a)
   must have memory deficit (1-1.5SD below age- and education-corrected population
   norms); b) may have deficits in other cognitive domains (e.g., executive function); c)
   preserved BADL, defined as requiring occasional assistance on less than two items on
   the Minimum Data Set-Home Care interview, d) absence of dementia using NINCDS-ADRDA
   criteria;

   - if on AD medication (i.e., memantine or cholinesterase inhibitors), no changes of
   doses in the 3 months prior to recruitment;

   - capacity to give consent based on clinician assessment; and

   - other: age ≥60 years, English-speaking, adequate visual acuity for testing, and
   community-dwelling.

Exclusion Criteria:

   - current enrollment in another cognitive improvement study;

   - major depression: 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale scored > 7;

   - MRI contraindications, e.g., metallic implant, pacemaker, claustrophobia; and

   - major vascular diseases: stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure.